Unit+6

UNIT 6
=﻿US steps to joining WWI=

declaring neutrality
-americans viewed the war as a european war and chose not to get involved

supplying the allies
-the economic ties between Great Britain and America were far greater than the ones with Germany, supplying the British would be more beneficial to the economy than trying to stay neutral economically

tensions between germany and america
-German U-boats began sinking American ships carrying supplies to the Allies including the Lusitania in May 1915

Bolshevik Revolution
-the desruction of the the romannov family allowed the US to join the war with out having a tainted image and the allies lost the russians as an ally

zimmermann telegram
-along with Germany's plan to step assaults on the Allies' and American ships, the telegram asked Mexcio to join Germany and take over the "lost territories" Mexico lost to America

US Declares War on Germany
-April 6 1916 america joins the allies three years into the war

Naval Assistance
-the first steps made by America was to escort merchant ships to supply Great Britain, begin destroying German u-boats and create barriers for the u-boats

American Expeditionary Force
-drafted and volunteered this was the force America would send to fight in Europe

=﻿Post War America 1919-1921= new world stance: america became a world power after the war because it now had the ability to over power countries like germany recession: the economy suffered from the loss of the war industry leading to strikes war debt: spent 32 billion on war effort much of it still in war bonds race riots: changing opinions on race and an increasing number of african americans moving to the north increased resenment Red Scare: histeria about communists in america led to fruitless raids and arrests antiradicalism: marked the end of the reform era

=Chapter 24 "The New Era" The Roaring Twenties=
 * ==affluence-wealth and prosperity==
 * ==conservatitism- not wanting to much change. respecting the status quo==
 * ==cultural frivolity-based on socializing entertainment, etc==
 * ==had a lot of contrast between conservatism and experimentation==
 * ==peaceful decade of growth and prosperity==
 * ==conservatism peaked with the ku klux klan having its highest membership==

Decline of the Self Made Man
going from nothing to everything became increasingly difficult because of an increased importance on education. edison, ford and lindbergh were people who followed the self made man and through hard work, luck and talent made themselves wealthy while to now they would need formal education to achieve the same goals.

The Cinema
created by european technology the americans quickly took over the industry. the majority of movies seen anywhere in the world during the 1920's were americans.this sparked controversy as other countries produced counter american movies to try to promote beliefs that they believed were better related to their country's. america had mickey mouse which was connected to capitalism while countries like russia had a porcupine that gave a more socialist view. the american movie dominace was because the growing industry in europe was destroyed by WWI and even after a boom after the war america still had 40 percent of the world's theaters. the industry has changed since and can no longer be described by country because the industry is a proper international ande global industry. most influential american product that was exported across the world.

Dance Halls
with invention of the radio dancing in public became more popular. jazz music became increasingly popular and brought more people to the halls. people went to dance halls to also show off new clothes and styles. jazz music was a large influence on the era and symbolized the times. jazz was found entertaining because of the style of the music and improv that was viewed as a new way of self expression. dance halls was a big part of the new consumerism and social gatherings. the dance halls were very often segregated.

Hebert Hoover
commerce secretary for both Harding and Coolidge giving him a background in the government's involvement in the economy. voluntary associationalism was how Hoover thought businesses should work together to share resources and new advances. Hoover believed in laissez faire capitalism where the government interferes with the economy as little as possible.

Ch 24 top ten

 * consumerism: more people began buying products not for the need but because they wanted to
 * ku klux klan: revived as a way for conservatives to combat the new "alien impurities" as well as the standard of harrasing blacks
 * conservatism: in contrast to the new changes in society many americans stuck to traditional values often causes tensions between the two
 * nativism: laws were created to stop the increasing numbers of immigrants even making immigration for east asia illegal
 * alcohol and oprganized crime: prohibition led to the entire alcohol industry being shifted to illegal gangs and ultimately the demise of prohibition.
 * decline of self made man
 * american culture as an export
 * changing society
 * youth culture

Causes of the Great Depression
· Over production, not enough demand too much supply · Declining exports · Too much borrowing / debt esp. with farmers · Shaky banking system/ risky, unregulated too many risky loans · Global debt- Europe devastated by WWI · Lack of diversification- the economy was too dependent on too few industries · A small percent of Americans controlled a high percent of the money · Over speculation on stocks – risky accounts · Stock crash

Steps to make a Downturn into a Depression

 * Large Bank Failures
 * Large numbers of Unemployed
 * less money is being spent
 * less production

How does a depressed economy recover

 * consumer spending begins to increase
 * new jobs develop
 * return to a healthy loan system

what can the government do to try to stop the downward trend and reverse it?
help the businesses help the consumers
 * bailouts
 * buying up bad loans and other investments
 * buying products directly (such as war supplies)
 * shift government spending
 * public works projects to create temporary jobs
 * lower taxes
 * lower government debt
 * regulate business
 * FDIC insures money placed in banks

Hoovers attempts to fight the depression

 * agricultural marketing act: helped farmers maintain prices and government spending on surplus crops
 * public work programs/projects: putting governemnt money into some local projects in an attempt to create jobs
 * reconstruction finance corporation: helped provide a few jobs and loaned government money to struggling business but was very limited and ineffective
 * Hawley-Smoot Tariif: imcreased protection on 75% of all farm products by raising taxes on imports. european countries responded with similar tariffs and that caused a large decline in international trade

Hoovers did not win reelection because of the farmer's holiday, the bonus army, and the emergence of FDR
hoover hotel is a carboard shacks hooverville is a shack city hoover flag is an empty pocket turned inside out

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=﻿New Deal Legacies=
 * Social security and the remaining programs that survived after the new deal FDIC, SEC
 * changing role of the government especially in the economy. government became a regulator, and safety net/care taker meaning the americans looked more to the government for help
 * larger federal presence
 * shift of power from the legislative to the executive
 * the electoral realignment: democrats took a much larger hold on the government that would be in power for decades 1933 to 1980 democrats were the majority with small republican victories in between.

Chapter 25 Top Tens Chapter 26 Top Tens
 * Lack of diversification (668) the economy was too dependent on too few industries
 * Declining exports (669) European industries recovered slightly but they still lacked the money to import more goods weakening the US economy
 * Unstable international debt structure (670) to try to pay for the World War more debt was created in the form of loans to try to pay off the older debt caused by reparations
 * Banking collapse (671) over 9000 banks went bankrupt or had to close their doors to prevent going bankrupt
 * Severe contraction (671) industries shrank as the downward cycle of the depression created more unemployment and less spending
 * Belief in personal responsibility (672) the state of the economy was still blamed on the individual with many of the unemployed feeling ashamed because they lost their job
 * Retreat from consumerism (678) people began to deal with out and began to live with larger family sizes, they was less stress on buying the newest and latest product
 * Radio’s impact (680) the radio was a major part of the depression era as it acted like the news and entertainment
 * Agricultural marketing act (686) tried to better assist and promote the domestic agricultural economy
 * Hoover’s declining popularity (686) people became impatient with the president because he believed in a slow recovery
 * Bank holiday (694) halt of all bank business in the country until congress could pass the emergency bank act
 * Prohibition repealed (694) Roosevelt signed a bill to legalize some sale of alcohol and the twenty-first amendment came soon after
 * AAA (695) agricultural adjustment administration decided production limits of crops
 * Glass-Steagall Act (698) gave the government authority to curb irresponsible speculation by banks. created the FDIC to insure bank deposits
 * SEC (698) regulated the stock market in order to protect buyers
 * CWA (698) civil works agency put unemployed to work building roads, schools, etc.
 * CCC (698) similar to the CWA it employed men in a semi-military style to plant trees, develop parks and improve agricultural irrigation
 * Unemployment Insurance (703) as a part of social security laid off workers would get government assistance
 * Failure of new deal (714) it was WWII that ended the depression not the new deal