Unit+3

=﻿expansion of cotton and slavery plantations in the mid 19th century= Demand for cotton for textiles in the industrial north and in europe caused a boom of growth in the south. plantations began producing cotton instead of the crops the may have produced before. the demand for slave labort also increased as the need for cheap labor increased. short staple cotton was the basis of all southern plantations. it was better at growing in multiple climates and soil types but it was difficult to process. the invention of the cotton gin made the production of short staple cotton much faster and efficient. now called "king cotton" it became the economic basis and key to the survival of the southern economy.

===﻿a one thousand acre plantation in comparison to the city of malden. this is the size of a typical plantation before the revolution the plantation takes up most of the city which is roughly 4 square miles.===

**map showing the plots of land for plantations in lousiana and the competition for land on the mississippi river.**
SOUTHERN SOCIAL STRUCTURE media type="custom" key="7472037"

=chapter 12 preview "Antebellum Culture and Reform"= antebellum means before war, most commonly referring to before the civil war 1820 to 1860 roughly.
 * temperance movement new ideas about limiting alcohol consumption and the idea of outlawing alcohol
 * womens rights movement changing the social structure were women were maily submissive to men and had litlle rights like they could not own properrty or vote
 * abolitionist movement the mainly northern response to slavery
 * education reform
 * romanticism
 * mormons
 * new science

=Temperance Movement= temperance means moderation or self restraint. this movement was about trying to make people drink less not neccisarily not drink at all. occasionally the temperance movement led to probition because it was viewed as superior to the american drinking problem.

Pros and Cons of consuption of alcohol
pros cons tmeperance movement sweepers are cleaning up the drunk "gutter children"
 * drunkeness
 * stress reliever
 * taste/enjoyment
 * so called "liquid encouragement"
 * celebrations
 * liver damage
 * drunkeness
 * birth deffects
 * memory loss
 * dependancy
 * public drunkenness
 * misjudgement
 * addiction can lead to poverty
 * violence/domestic abuse
 * alcoholism leads to many social downfalls

Chapter 13 The Impending Crisis p340 exspanding settlement 1810-1850 the major settlements had just crossed the mississippi river. the majority of the west was not settled with large groups because of the distance and over all area of the west. there was simply not enough people to setlle the west yet. some settlements in california had been settled because of the coastal areas. parts of florida had not been settled either because of the largew swamps and difficulty to live there at the time. during the period of 1810 to 1830 the was alot of settlement in the south because of the new availible lands the native americans left when they were removed and placed in oklahoma. p345 western trails major trails leading westward. trails were made fro diffrent reasons some for religious groups leaveing the east other trails were for people looking for gold or economic success. some trails were for the transport of mail and other post. these trails generally went southwest to california and the now mexican border region but some trails went to oregon and washington state.many trails foolwed each other or parralleled each other for the ease of travel through the unsettled lands but then the trails spilt off to go to there individual destinations. p347 The oregon Boundary west of the rocky mountains in the oregon region of what is now washington and southern canada the brittish and americans fought over where the border should be. the entire disputed area was west of teh natural border of the rockies and streched to the coast. this area is where the oregon tail ended and many americans had settled there. the americans wanted teh boudary to go up the rockies to 54 40 where the the latitude line would be the border. the british claimed far south at the 42nd parallel close to the currnet border of the oregon and washington states. the treaty in 1846 finally set the border at the 49th parallel more or less in the middle of the disputed region. the 49th parallel is the current US border with Canada. p349 The Mexican War 1846-1848 the americans won overwhelmingly in the war and teh mexicans only won one insignificant battle in San Pasqual.the US used its naval resourses to attack mexico city and to move its troops around parts of mexico quickly. the mexican capital was captured in september 1847 by general Taylor. other Generals during the war were Scott, Sloat, Stockton, Kearny, Wool and Donipham. p350 southwestern expansion the southwest was won in four diffrenst regions. the area that texas rebelled with, the disputed area texas wanted and eventually won, the gadsen purchase and the mexican cession. p354 Slave and Free Territories under the compromise of 1850 the regions of slave versus nonslave states formed very distinct regions. each region was totally for one view point there was no mixing of the viewpoint within the regions. the regions cultures had so seperated that the regions were basically already living in other coutries.popular soveignty was the way that the utah and new mexico territories would decide to outlaw slavery or not. this is a contradiction from the misouri compromise because it let slavery be a states rights issue compaired to the misouri compromise was a federal mandate that there would be no slavery above the misouri compromise line. the state of california was formed much quicker than the middle region of the west because of the gold rush and because like many other countries and civilizations was formed because of the pacific ocean and its coasts.

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How were geography and geographic locations extremely importqant during the Civil War?
 * kentucky in the begining of the war the union wanted kentucky as a border state because it had access to the mississippi river
 * mississippi river: the river was a major trade and transportation route so the north wanted to capture it not only to choke southern troop movements and economy it also wanted to use teh river for its own transportation throughout the south.
 * new orleans: a key trade port for the south was quickly captured by the north to choke the southern economy and movement throughout the area. new orleans could also be used to control the entire mississippi river.
 * blockade: this tactic used by the north kept the southern army landlocked and unable to use the atlantic to flank the north army. it also could be used to choke the southern trade with european countries
 * southern roads: very poor and made travel in the south much longer than in the north making quick troop movement much more difficult.
 * northern roads: far better maintaied than southern roads it allowed the north to quickly moblize and advance on southern territory.
 * general land topgraphy: still affected the war on the individual battle basis. the land played a key part into the generals plans and how the battle was fought. for example during the battle of gettysburg pickets charge did fail immediately because the rolling hill allowed for some cover for his troops.


 * Perspectives on the Civil War and Reconstruction
 * Lincoln: success reunited the country and the reconstruction era ended the spread of slavery, although he did think that it was a failure because of the large number of dead Americans from the war. opinion on reconstruction “get over the war and become a country again”
 * General Grant: success military victory and advance in military tech and tactics
 * General Lee: failure military defeat never had enough supplies or men
 * Davis: failure had a horrible term in office and his country was destroyed
 * radical republicans: success allowed to take over the south and eventually eliminate slavery and give rights to blacks hostile to the states that succeed and had the opinion that the way to rejoin the union should be very strict. reconstruction should be an overhaul of the socioeconomics of the south
 * conservative republicans: success reunited country and eliminated slavery
 * moderate republicans: success reunited country and eliminated slavery
 * northern democrats: success as a nation failure as a party because the country was reunited but their party was insignificant
 * southern democrats: failure lost the war and southern pride and had lands destroyed became scalawags
 * freed slaves: general success were freed and had new rights but were still economically and socially subordinate to whites
 * northern blacks: success viewed civil war as a war against slavery which they won and reconstruction secured their rights
 * southern plantation class: epic failure lost lost pride lost land lost property
 * southern non plantation owners: failure in war because they lost their southern pride but a success in reconstruction because they were able to better themselves against the planter class
 * northerners: success because the won the war but views varied on reconstruction
 * President Johnson: failure viewed reconstruction negatively except for reuniting the country and did not like giving African Americans rights
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">scalawags: viewed the war as a failure for the south but then became Republicans because they viewed reconstruction as a good thing

Lincoln Video educated himself with war tactics and technology became obsessed with the war and often stayed the night in the US telgraph office reading the news from the front used war time powers as comander and cheif of the military to free slaves in rebelling states because they were aiding the war effort of the south lincoln had to run for reelection against former general McClellan during the civil war. lincoln won in the remaining union states against the general who was promising negotiating the end to the war with the south shermans victory in atlanta helped lincoln win the vote Johnson Video the first president to assume the office after an assasination was lincoln running mate because he was a southerner that was loyal to the union not being elected would be a problem for johnson as some people did not see him as a legitamate president was very stubborn and did not compromise probally most racist president ever and did not think that blacks should be in the public sphere did not realize the change in america when the slaves were freed thinks that he recconstruction is over after accepting states back into the union. radical republicans wanted to reform civil rights johnson vetoed 29 bills that would reform civil rights, he was overuled by congress 15 times was almost impeached but managed to survive by one vote Grant Video most popular man in the north because of his military history in the civil war new black voters helped him win the presidency had a smoking problem and was an adreniline junkie and often got speeding tickets ran on the slogan "let us have peace" crushed the ku klux klan by the use of federal troops was plagued by scandels in his first term reconstruction came to an end because the political enviroment changed and america's attention span ended with reconstruction. an economic depression led the public to not want to hear about the problems in the south and not want to pay for it either.